Product Description

Indications: Toramax is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute postoperative pain. The ophthalmic solution is used to relieve pain, inflammation, and light sensitivity following eye surgery and may also reduce eye redness and inflammation caused by seasonal allergies.Description: Toramax belongs to the pyrrolo-pyrrole group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Chemically, it is known as 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid compound with 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (1:1). It acts mainly by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and functions as a peripherally acting analgesic. Its biological activity is associated with the S-form. Toramax demonstrates linear pharmacokinetics, is highly protein-bound, extensively metabolized in the liver, and eliminated mainly through urine as metabolites and unchanged drug.Pharmacology: Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent NSAID with strong analgesic properties. It works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis. At analgesic doses, it provides significant pain relief with minimal anti-inflammatory effects.Dosage & Administration:Tablet: The recommended oral dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours as needed. It should be used only for short-term treatment, generally up to 7 days. Daily doses above 40 mg are not recommended.Injection: Ketorolac injection may be administered as single or multiple doses for moderately severe acute pain, especially postoperative pain requiring opioid-level analgesia. IV bolus injections should be administered over at least 15 seconds, while IM injections should be given slowly and deeply into the muscle. Analgesic effects usually begin within 30 minutes, peak within 1-2 hours, and last approximately 4-6 hours.Single-dose treatment:IM dosing in adults under 65 years: 60 mg once.IM dosing in adults over 65 years, renally impaired, or under 50 kg: 30 mg once.IV dosing in adults under 65 years: 30 mg once.IV dosing in adults over 65 years, renally impaired, or under 50 kg: 15 mg once.Pediatric dosing (2-16 years):IM: 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg.IV: 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg.Multiple-dose treatment:Adults under 65 years: 30 mg IV/IM every 6 hours, maximum 120 mg/day.Adults over 65 years, renally impaired, or under 50 kg: 15 mg every 6 hours, maximum 60 mg/day.For breakthrough pain, the dose or frequency should not be increased.Conversion from injection to oral therapy: Oral Ketorolac may be used alone or after parenteral therapy. The combined daily dose of oral and injectable Ketorolac should not exceed 120 mg in younger adults or 60 mg in elderly patients on the transition day. Total oral therapy should not exceed 40 mg/day afterward. Combined treatment duration should not exceed 5 days.Eye Drops: Adults should instill 1 drop into the affected eye(s) four times daily.Interaction: Concomitant use with other NSAIDs or aspirin may increase adverse effects. Anticoagulants may enhance bleeding risk. Beta blockers may show reduced antihypertensive effects. ACE inhibitors may increase the risk of renal impairment. Ketorolac may also increase methotrexate toxicity.Contraindications: Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to Ketorolac or other NSAIDs, children under 16 years of age, and for prophylactic analgesic use before surgery.Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, melena, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, headache, drowsiness, anxiety, fatigue, excessive thirst, hypertension, bradycardia, palpitations, chest pain, pulmonary edema, and female infertility.Pregnancy & Lactation: Ketorolac Tromethamine is classified as US FDA Pregnancy Category C. It should generally be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless the expected benefit outweighs the potential risks to the fetus or infant.Precautions & Warnings: Use cautiously in elderly patients, particularly those over 65 years. Caution is also advised in patients with active or suspected peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, asthma, or liver dysfunction.Eye Drops: Patients showing signs of corneal epithelial damage should discontinue topical NSAIDs immediately and undergo close monitoring. Ophthalmic solution should not be used while wearing contact lenses.Therapeutic Class: Non-opioid analgesics, drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis.Storage Conditions: Store in a dry place away from heat and light. Keep out of reach of children.