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Synovia Pharma PLC.Product Description
**Avil (Pheniramine Maleate) Summary**
**Indications**
* **Allergic Conditions:** Hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies.
* **Respiratory Disorders:** Conditions with increased secretions, such as vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis.
* **Dermatological/Pruritic Conditions:** Eczema, neurodermatitis, lichen planus, acute and chronic urticaria, and itching related to the anus, genitals, icterus, or diabetes.
* **Other Uses:** Prevention and treatment of motion sickness, as well as nausea, vomiting, and vertigo from Meniere’s disease or labyrinthine disturbances.
**Mechanism & Pharmacology**
* **Class:** Sedating (first-generation) H1-antihistamine.
* **Action:** Acts as a competitive inverse agonist at H1 receptors, reducing vasodilation, capillary permeability, and itching. Also acts on central H1 receptors (causing sedation) and possesses anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) and mild local anesthetic properties.
**Dosage & Administration**
* **General Rule:** Take with or shortly after food. Use the lowest effective dose; maximum dose is **3 mg/kg/day**.
* **Adults & Children >10 years:** Start with $\frac{1}{2}$ tablet up to 3 times daily; may increase to 1 tablet up to 3 times daily if needed.
* **Children 5–10 years:** $\frac{1}{2}$ tablet up to 3 times daily.
* **Children <5 years:** Not recommended in tablet form.
* **Motion Sickness:** Take the first dose at least 30 minutes before travel.
**Contraindications**
* Hypersensitivity to pheniramine or formulation ingredients.
* Concurrent use of MAO inhibitors.
* Symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy.
* Newborn and premature infants.
**Key Interactions**
* **MAO-Is & Anticholinergics:** MAO inhibitors and atropine-like drugs prolong and intensify anticholinergic effects.
* **Alcohol & CNS Depressants:** Enhances sedation and central nervous system impairment.
**Side Effects & Warnings**
* **Common Effects:** Sedation/drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, and urinary retention.
* **Gastrointestinal & CNS Effects:** Nausea, constipation, inability to concentrate, incoordination, or irritability. High/toxic doses can cause hallucinations, agitation, or convulsions.
* **Precautions:** Caution in narrow-angle glaucoma, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and severe prostatic enlargement. Avoid driving or operating machinery after taking a dose.
* **Pregnancy & Lactation:** Category A; use only if strictly indicated.
**Overdose Management**
* No specific antidote; treatment is symptomatic and supportive (e.g., diazepam for convulsions, vasopressors for hypotension, ECG monitoring). Avoid using central stimulants.
**Storage**
* Store in a cool, dry place protected from light. Keep out of reach of children.
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